What distinguishes primary storage from secondary storage?

Primary storage refers to the memory that a computer uses to store data that is actively being used or processed, such as RAM (Random Access Memory). This type of storage is characterized as volatile, meaning that it loses its contents when the power is turned off. It holds temporary data that the computer needs in real-time for executing programs and processing information.

In contrast, secondary storage includes devices such as hard drives and solid-state drives, which are used for long-term data retention. Secondary storage is non-volatile, so it retains data even when the computer is turned off.

The distinction lies primarily in the characteristics of volatility and usage: primary storage is intended for immediate access and temporary data management, while secondary storage is for long-term data storage and is not directly accessed by the CPU in real time. This understanding highlights the functional roles each type of storage plays in a computer system and underscores why primary storage is classified as volatile and mainly for temporary data.