What does virtual memory allow a computer to do?

Virtual memory is a memory management capability that allows a computer to use hard drive space as an extension of RAM. This mechanism enables a computer to handle larger workloads by swapping data in and out of the physical memory as necessary. When a program requires more memory than what is physically available, the operating system can transfer data that is not currently being used from RAM to a space on the hard drive reserved for virtual memory. This process makes it possible for the system to run larger applications or multiple applications simultaneously, creating the illusion of a larger primary memory.

While options like increasing primary storage, enhancing graphics quality, and controlling external devices are relevant capabilities in computing, they do not directly pertain to the function of virtual memory. Virtual memory specifically focuses on how a system efficiently utilizes resources by managing memory allocation dynamically.