What is normalization in the context of databases?

Normalization in the context of databases refers to the process of converting poorly structured tables into well-structured tables. This involves organizing the data within the database in a way that reduces redundancy and dependency, ensuring that each piece of data is stored in a single, unambiguous location.

When normalization is applied, it typically involves dividing large tables into smaller, related tables and defining relationships between them. This not only optimizes the organization of data but also enhances the integrity and efficiency of the database management system. Various normal forms exist, each with specific rules that help to structure data effectively, minimizing anomalies during data operations like insertion, deletion, or updates.