Which type of malware is known to replicate itself without needing to attach to other software?

The ability of a malware type to replicate itself independently is a defining feature of computer worms. Unlike other types of malware that often require a host program or user intervention to spread, computer worms can reproduce and spread automatically across networks and systems. They exploit vulnerabilities in operating systems or applications, allowing them to infect additional devices without needing to be bundled with other software.

In contrast, adware primarily focuses on displaying ads to users and typically does not replicate itself. Spyware is designed to stealthily monitor and collect user information, also lacking the self-replicating capability of worms. Meanwhile, Trojan horses disguise themselves as legitimate software to trick users into executing them, and they do not have the ability to replicate independently. This makes computer worms distinct among malware types for their autonomous and self-replicating characteristics.